ABSTRACT

Although the frequency of hypertension in children is lower than in adults, it is an important clinical problem in childhood. In addition, its definition, etiology and management are partly different than that in adults. Optimal determination of blood pressure in children requires the use of appropriate techniques and devices. In some cases, extensive investigations are necessary to diagnose the causes of hypertension. Diagnostic studies should be individualized and should follow clinical clues where possible. The management of hypertensive children requires a comprehensive approach incorporating patient and family education, nonpharmacological measures and antihypertensive medications. This article reviews detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.